Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) — intervention evidence review — Supplement & Protocol Data

**Perceived stress and anxiety** (PSS, HAM-A, DASS, GHQ-28).
**Serum / morning cortisol** (and sometimes DHEA-S) as a stress-axis marker.
**Sleep quantity and quality** (actigraphy SOL/TST/SE/WASO; PSQI; sleep-quality scales) — the 600 mg sleep claim.
**Male testosterone and fertility** (total T, LH, sperm count / volume / motility).
**Strength, muscle size, and body composition** as an adjunct to resistance training.
**Thyroid indices** in subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH down, T3/T4 up).
**Cognition** (memory, attention, executive function) in MCI, bipolar disorder, or self-reported cognitive complaints.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) — intervention evidence review